- Title
- The Key Factors for the Fate and Transport of Petroleum Hydrocarbons in Soil With Related in/ex Situ Measurement Methods: An Overview
- Creator
- Wang, Liang; Cheng, Ying; Naidu, Ravi; Bowman, Mark
- Relation
- Frontiers in Environmental Science Vol. 9, Issue December, no. 756404
- Publisher Link
- http://dx.doi.org/10.3389/fenvs.2021.756404
- Publisher
- Frontiers Research Foundation
- Resource Type
- journal article
- Date
- 2021
- Description
- Once petroleum hydrocarbons (PHs) are released into the soil, the interaction between PHs and soil media is dependent not only upon the soil properties but also on the characteristics of PHs. In this study, the key factors influencing the interactions between PHs and soil media are discussed. The key factors include: 1) the characteristics of PHs, such as volatility and viscosity; and 2) soil properties, such as porosity, hydraulic properties and water status, and organic matter; and 3) atmospheric circumstances, such as humidity and temperature. These key factors can be measured either ex-situ using conventional laboratory methods, or in situ using portable or handheld instruments. This study overviews the current ex/in situ techniques for measuring the listed key factors for PH contaminated site assessments. It is a tendency to apply in situ methods for PH contaminated site characterisation. Furthermore, handheld/portable Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) instrument provides tremendous opportunities for in-field PH contaminated site assessment. This study also reviewed the non-destructive FTIR spectroscopy analysis coupling with handheld FTIR for in-field PH contaminated site characterisation, including determining the concentration of total PH, dominant PH fractions and soil key properties for PH transport modelling.
- Subject
- petroleum hydrocarbons; contaminated site characterisation; soil properties; in/ex-situ measurements; handheld fourier transform infrared spectroscopy
- Identifier
- http://hdl.handle.net/1959.13/1455711
- Identifier
- uon:45126
- Identifier
- ISSN:2296-665X
- Rights
- © 2021 Wang, Cheng, Naidu and Bowman. This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (CC BY). The use, distribution or reproduction in other forums is permitted, provided the original author(s) and the copyright owner(s) are credited and that the original publication in this journal is cited, in accordance with accepted academic practice. No use, distribution or reproduction is permitted which does not comply with these terms.
- Language
- eng
- Full Text
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